Ali Khamenei

Mojtaba Khamenei and the architecture of connective authority

Mojtaba Khamenei and the Architecture of Connective Authority

Introduction — The Authority the State Never Defined For more than two decades, Mojtaba Khamenei appeared repeatedly at the edges of the Islamic Republic’s most consequential political and security decisions. His name surfaced in accounts of electoral intervention, relations with the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps, the management of political crises and the increasingly restricted circle […]

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Vahid Haghanian and the executive architecture of the Office of the Supreme Leader

The Invisible Executive: Vahid Haghanian and the Executive Architecture of the Office of the Supreme Leader

Introduction Vahid Haghanian’s role within the executive architecture of the Office of the Supreme Leader cannot be understood through biography alone. His significance lies not in the offices he formally occupied, but in the executive functions he performed inside one of the Islamic Republic’s most opaque institutions. Every political system relies upon an institutional mechanism

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Donald Trump, Iran and the outcome test after Maximum Pressure, war, ceasefires and negotiations in 2026

Donald Trump, Iran, and the Outcome Test Why the Islamic Republic Still Survives

Introduction Trump’s Iran Policy. Donald Trump built his political case on a simple accusation: America’s Iran policy had failed. Barack Obama had failed. Joe Biden had failed. Diplomacy had failed. Negotiations had failed. Accommodation had failed. Again and again, Trump presented himself as the alternative. He promised strength where others had shown weakness. Pressure where

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